Un sistema inservible
hay más de 21,3 millones de personas refugiadas en todo el mundo, y casi el 50% son mujeres y niñas.ni siquiera pueden ya proporcionar alimentación suficiente desigualdad de género
Esta situación tiene que cambiar yaingente crisis humanitaria
“La gente muere mientras los gobiernos gastan miles de millones en controlar las fronteras.”Amnistía Internacional
8 soluciones a la crisis
1. Rutas seguras
abrir rutas sin riesgos
2. Reasentamiento
reasentar a todas las personas refugiadasesta ayuda vitalhttp://<p%20class=%22h4%22>Un%20sistema%20inservible</p>%0AEl%20sistema%20mundial%20de%20protecci%C3%B3n%20de%20las%20personas%20refugiadas%20est%C3%A1%20inservible.%20Es%20evidente%20en%20todas%20partes,%20desde%20Australia%20hasta%20los%20enormes%20campos%20de%20acogida%20de%20Sud%C3%A1n%20del%20Sur,%20pasando%20por%20las%20fr%C3%ADas%20calles%20de%20Estambul%20o%20los%20muros%20fuertemente%20fortificados%20de%20la%20Uni%C3%B3n%20Europea.%0ASeg%C3%BAn%20ACNUR,%20a%20junio%20de%202016,<strong>%20hay%20m%C3%A1s%20de%2021,3%20millones%20de%20personas%20refugiadas%20en%20todo%20el%20mundo,%20y%20casi%20el%2050%%20son%20mujeres%20y%20ni%C3%B1as.%20</strong>Mujeres%20y%20ni%C3%B1as%20que%20se%20ven%20obligadas%20a%20huir%20por%20motivos%20similares%20a%20los%20de%20los%20hombres,%20pero%20que%20se%20ven%20afectadas%20adem%C3%A1s%20por%20las%20desigualdades%20de%20g%C3%A9nero,%20por%20la%20discriminaci%C3%B3n%20y%20la%20violencia%20que%20sufren%20por%20el%20mero%20hecho%20de%20ser%20mujeres%20y%20ni%C3%B1as.<strong>%20</strong>%0ALos%20gobiernos%20tienen%20el%20deber%20de%20ayudarlas.%20Pero%20los%20pa%C3%ADses%20m%C3%A1s%20ricos%20siguen%20tratando%20a%20las%20personas%20refugiadas%20como%20si%20fueran%20un%20problema%20de%20otros.%0AEscondidos%20tras%20sus%20fronteras%20cerradas%20y%20temerosos%20de%20verse%20"inundados",%20permiten%20por%20conveniencia%20que%20otros%20pa%C3%ADses%20m%C3%A1s%20pobres,%20principalmente%20de%20Oriente%20Medio,%20%C3%81frica%20y%20el%20sur%20de%20Asia,%20acojan%20a%20un%20incre%C3%ADble%2086%%20de%20todas%20las%20personas%20refugiadas.<br%20/><br%20/>Adem%C3%A1s,%20haciendo%20caso%20omiso%20de%20la%20mayor%C3%ADa%20de%20las%20peticiones%20de%20ayuda%20humanitaria,%20dejan%20a%20los%20organismos%20de%20la%20ONU%20tan%20en%20bancarrota%20que<strong>%20ni%20siquiera%20pueden%20ya%20proporcionar%20alimentaci%C3%B3n%20suficiente%20</strong>a%20muchas%20personas%20refugiadas.%0ALa%20<strong>desigualdad%20de%20g%C3%A9nero</strong>%20se%20expresa%20a%20lo%20largo%20de%20todo%20el%20ciclo%20de%20desplazamiento:%20en%20los%20pa%C3%ADses%20de%20origen,%20durante%20el%20tr%C3%A1nsito%20y%20en%20el%20destino.%20<br%20/><br%20/><strong>Esta%20situaci%C3%B3n%20tiene%20que%20cambiar%20ya</strong>.%20Amnist%C3%ADa%20presenta%20ocho%20soluciones%20para%20que%20los%20l%C3%ADderes%20mundiales,%20en%20particular%20los%20pa%C3%ADses%20m%C3%A1s%20ricos,%20puedan%20comenzar%20a%20atajar%20juntos%20esta%20<link%20https://www.amnesty.org/es/latest/news/2015/10/global-refugee-crisis-by-the-numbers/>ingente%20crisis%20humanitaria</link>.%0A<blockquote%20class=%22blockquote%20%22><div%20class=%22blockquote__content%22><div%20class=%22blockquote__text%22><span>“</span>La%20gente%20muere%20mientras%20los%20gobiernos%20gastan%20miles%20de%20millones%20en%20controlar%20las%20fronteras.<span>”</span></div>%20<cite%20class=%22blockquote__author%22>Amnist%C3%ADa%20Internacional</cite>%20<svg%20class=%22icon%20blockquote__quote-open%22>%20<use%20href=%22#icon-webapp-quote-open%22%20xlink:href=%22#icon-webapp-quote-open%22%20/>%20</svg>%20</div>%20</blockquote>%0A<p%20class=%22h4%22>%208%20soluciones%20a%20la%20crisis</p>%0A<p%20class=%22h5%22>1.%20Rutas%20seguras</p>%0AUna%20soluci%C3%B3n%20importante%20es%20<link%20en-que-estamos/blog/historia/articulo/que-puede-hacer-europa-para-dar-la-bienvenida-a-las-personas-refugiadas/>abrir%20rutas%20sin%20riesgos</link>%20a%20un%20lugar%20seguro%20a%20las%20personas%20refugiadas.%20Este%20medida%20supone%20permitir%20que%20las%20personas%20se%20re%C3%BAnan%20con%20sus%20familiares%20y%20proporcionarles%20visados%20para%20que%20no%20tengan%20que%20gastar%20los%20ahorros%20de%20toda%20su%20vida%20ni%20que%20arriesgarse%20a%20morir%20ahogadas%20para%20llegar%20a%20un%20lugar%20seguro.%0A<img%20height=%22560%22%20width=%22840%22%20src=%22fileadmin/user_upload/219543_Ahmad_Al-Matar_Fatima_Al-Matar_the_couple_s_daughters.jpg%22%20class=%22img-responsive%22%20data-htmlarea-file-uid=%2221554%22%20data-htmlarea-file-table=%22sys_file%22%20style=%22%22%20alt=%22%22%20/>%0A<p%20class=%22h5%22>%202.%20Reasentamiento</p>%0ATambi%C3%A9n%20supone%20<link%20http://www.acnur.org/que-hace/soluciones-duraderas/reasentamiento/>reasentar%20a%20todas%20las%20personas%20refugiadas</link>%20que%20lo%20necesiten,%20especialmente%20mujeres,%20ni%C3%B1as%20y%20personas%20en%20situaci%C3%B3n%20de%20especial%20vulnerabilidad.%20El%20reasentamiento%20es%20una%20soluci%C3%B3n%20esencial%20para%20la%20mayor%C3%ADa%20de%20las%20personas%20refugiadas%20m%C3%A1s%20vulnerables,%20como%20las%20supervivientes%20de%20tortura%20y%20las%20que%20sufren%20problemas%20m%C3%A9dicos%20graves.<br%20/><br%20/>Ahora%20mismo%20necesitan%20con%20urgencia%20<link%20en-que-estamos/blog/historia/articulo/refugiados-sirios-comienzan-una-nueva-vida-en-noruega-gracias-al-reasentamiento/>esta%20ayuda%20vital</link><strong><link%20en-que-estamos/blog/historia/articulo/refugiados-sirios-comienzan-una-nueva-vida-en-noruega-gracias-al-reasentamiento/></link>%201,15%20millones%20de%20personas</strong>.%20Pero%20de%20momento,%20las%20naciones%20m%C3%A1s%20ricas%20del%20mundo%20se%20ofrecen%20a%20reasentar%20a%20menos%20del%2010%%20al%20a%C3%B1o.%20Amnist%C3%ADa%20Internacional%20calcula%20que%20al%20final%20de%202017%20necesitar%C3%A1n%20reasentamiento%201,45%20millones%20de%20personas%20refugiadas.%0A<p%20class=%22h4%20h4%22>3.%20Salvar%20vidas</p>%0ALos%20l%C3%ADderes%20mundiales%20deben%20tambi%C3%A9n%20dar%20prioridad%20a%20salvar%20vidas.%20Nadie%20deber%C3%ADa%20haber%20muerto%20cruzando%20una%20frontera;%20sin%20embargo,%20<strong>casi%207.000%20personas%20se%20ahogaron%20en%20el%20Mediterr%C3%A1neo</strong>%20s%C3%B3lo%20en%20los%20a%C3%B1os%20transcurridos%20desde%20que%20se%20produjo%20el%20primer%20gran%20naufragio%20en%20octubre%20de%202013.<br%20/><br%20/>En%20mayo%20de%202015,%20miles%20de%20personas%20que%20hu%C3%ADan%20de%20la%20persecuci%C3%B3n%20en%20Myanmar%20estuvieron%20sufriendo%20durante%20semanas%20a%20bordo%20de%20barcos,%20mientras%20Tailandia,%20Malasia%20e%20Indonesia%20discut%C3%ADan%20sobre%20qui%C3%A9n%20deb%C3%ADa%20ayudarlas.<br%20/><br%20/>Los%20Estados%20deben%20poner%20fin%20a%20estas%20situaciones%20<link%20en-que-estamos/noticias/noticia/articulo/turquia-no-debe-obligar-a-refugiados-y-solicitantes-de-asilo-naufragos-a-regresar-a-siria-e-irak/>invirtiendo%20en%20operaciones%20de%20b%C3%BAsqueda%20y%20salvamento</link>%20y%20prestando%20de%20inmediato%20ayuda%20a%20las%20personas%20en%20dificultades.%0A<p%20class=%22copy%22><img%20height=%22668%22%20width=%221000%22%20src=%22fileadmin/_processed_/csm_3_4d4f46079a.jpg%22%20class=%22img-responsive%22%20data-htmlarea-file-uid=%2221557%22%20data-htmlarea-file-table=%22sys_file%22%20style=%22%22%20alt=%22%22%20/>%C2%A9AFP/Getty%20Images</p>%0A<p%20class=%22h5%22>4.%20No%20forzar%20m%C3%A1s%20rutas%20peligrosas</p>%0AAdem%C3%A1s,%20viajen%20por%20tierra%20o%20por%20mar,%20a%20las%20personas%20que%20huyen%20de%20situaciones%20de%20persecuci%C3%B3n%20o%20de%20guerras%20<strong>se%20les%20debe%20permitir%20cruzar%20las%20fronteras%20</strong>tengan%20o%20no%20documentos%20de%20viaje.%20Obligarlas%20a%20retroceder%20y%20levantar%20vallas%20colosales%20no%20hace%20m%C3%A1s%20que%20forzar%20a%20las%20personas%20a%20tomar%20rutas%20m%C3%A1s%20peligrosos%20en%20busca%20de%20seguridad.%0A<p%20class=%22h5%22>5.%20Poner%20fin%20al%20tr%C3%A1fico%20y%20al%20racismo<strong><br%20/></strong></p>%0ATodos%20los%20pa%C3%ADses%20<strong>deben%20investigar%20y%20enjuiciar%20a%20las%20bandas%20de%20traficantes%20</strong>que%20explotan%20a%20las%20personas%20refugiadas%20y%20migrantes,%20y%20poner%20la%20seguridad%20de%20las%20personas%20por%20encima%20de%20todo%20lo%20dem%C3%A1s.%20Amnist%C3%ADa%20<link%20en-que-estamos/noticias/noticia/articulo/sudeste-asiatico-refugiados-rohingyas-perseguidos-en-myanmar-sufren-terribles-abusos-en-el-mar/>estuvo%20recientemente%20con%20supervivientes%20en%20el%20Sudeste%20Asi%C3%A1tico</link>%20que%20contaron%20que%20los%20traficantes%20mataban%20a%20las%20personas%20en%20los%20barcos%20cuando%20sus%20familias%20no%20pod%C3%ADan%20pagar%20el%20rescate.%20A%20otras%20las%20arrojaban%20al%20mar%20y%20dejaban%20que%20se%20ahogaran,%20y%20otras%20mor%C3%ADan%20por%20falta%20de%20comida%20y%20agua.%0AEn<strong>%20Libia</strong>,%20por%20ejemplo,%20<strong>muchas%20personas%20eran%20capturadas%20por%20traficantes%20o%20vendidas%20a%20bandas%20delictivas</strong>.%20Varias%20describieron%20c%C3%B3mo%20las%20hab%C3%ADan%20golpeado,%20violado,%20torturado%20o%20explotado%20quienes%20las%20manten%C3%ADan%20cautivas.%20Especialmente%20preocupante%20era%20la%20situaci%C3%B3n%20de%20mujeres%20que%20eran%20agredidas%20sexualmente%20por%20los%20propios%20traficantes,%20por%20tratantes%20o%20por%20miembros%20de%20grupos%20armados.%20Las%20agresiones%20ten%C3%ADan%20lugar%20a%20lo%20largo%20de%20la%20ruta%20de%20tr%C3%A1fico%20de%20personas,%20y%20mientras%20las%20mujeres%20permanec%C3%ADan%20retenidas%20en%20casas%20particulares%20o%20en%20almacenes%20abandonados%20cerca%20de%20la%20costa%20esperando%20embarcar%20rumbo%20a%20Europa.%0A<p%20class=%22copy%22><img%20height=%22789%22%20width=%221000%22%20src=%22fileadmin/_processed_/csm_218995_An_African_migrant_is_pulled_from_a_border_fence_between_Morocco_and_Melilla_by_a_Spanish_civil_guard_3da68882b7.jpg%22%20class=%22img-responsive%22%20data-htmlarea-file-uid=%2216171%22%20data-htmlarea-file-table=%22sys_file%22%20style=%22%22%20alt=%22%22%20/>%C2%A9REUTERS</p>%0A<p%20class=%22h5%22>6.%20No%20culpabilizar%20a%20las%20personas%20migrantes</p>%0ALos%20gobiernos%20deben%20tambi%C3%A9n%20dejar%20de%20culpar%20a%20las%20personas%20refugiadas%20y%20migrantes%20de%20sus%20problemas%20econ%C3%B3micos%20y%20sociales%20y,%20en%20lugar%20de%20ello,%20<strong>combatir%20todas%20las%20clases%20de%20xenofobia%20y%20discriminaci%C3%B3n%20racial</strong>.%20No%20hacerlo%20es%20totalmente%20injusto,%20fomenta%20las%20tensiones%20y%20el%20miedo%20a%20los%20extranjeros%20y,%20a%20veces,%20da%20lugar%20a%20violencia,%20e%20incluso%20a%20muertes.<br%20/><br%20/>En%20<strong>Durban,%20Sud%C3%A1frica</strong>,%20al%20menos%20cuatro%20personas%20murieron,%20muchas%20m%C3%A1s%20resultaron%20heridas%20de%20gravedad%20y%20m%C3%A1s%20de%20un%20millar,%20en%20su%20mayor%C3%ADa%20refugiados%20burundeses%20y%20congoleses,%20se%20vieron%20obligas%20a%20huir%20tras%20la%20violencia%20y%20los%20saqueos%20que%20estallaron%20en%20abril%20y%20mayo%20de%202015.%0A<p%20class=%22h5%22>7.%20Fondos%20suficientes%20para%20una%20ONU%20"en%20bancarrota"</p>%0A%E2%80%9CEn%20bancarrota%E2%80%9D,%20as%C3%AD%20es%20c%C3%B3mo%20Antonio%20Guterres,%20alto%20comisionado%20de%20las%20Naciones%20Unidas%20para%20los%20Refugiados,%20dijo%20que%20estaban%20los%20<link%20https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/06/refugee-crisis-un-agencies-broke-failing>organismos%20de%20la%20ONU</link>%20en%20septiembre%20de%202015.%20Sencillamente,<strong>%20los%20pa%C3%ADses%20ricos%20no%20cumplen%20sus%20elevadas%20promesas</strong>%20de%20<link%20en-que-estamos/noticias/noticia/articulo/millones-de-personas-refugiadas-condenadas-a-una-vida-de-miseria-y-a-veces-a-la-muerte/>proporcionar%20fondos%20para%20la%20ayuda</link>%20a%20las%20personas%20refugiadas%20allende%20sus%20fronteras.%20<br%20/><br%20/>Por%20ejemplo,%20<strong>la%20ONU%20ha%20recibido%20menos%20de%20la%20mitad%20de%20los%20fondos</strong>%20que%20necesita%20para%20ayudar%20a%20los%20cuatro%20millones%20de%20personas%20refugiadas%20de%20Siria.%20Debido%20a%20ello,%20el%2080%%20de%20las%20personas%20refugiadas%20que%20viven%20fuera%20de%20los%20campos%20en%20Jordania%20se%20est%C3%A1n%20viendo%20obligadas%20ahora%20a%20aceptar%20trabajos%20peligrosos%20y%20degradantes%20o%20a%20poner%20a%20sus%20hijos%20a%20mendigar.<br%20/><br%20/>A%20la%20crisis%20olvidada%20de%20personas%20refugiadas%20de%20<strong>Sud%C3%A1n%20del%20Sur%20</strong>se%20ha%20destinado%20s%C3%B3lo%20un%20miserable%2018%%20de%20los%20fondos%20precisos%20para%20necesidades%20absolutamente%20b%C3%A1sicas%20como%20los%20alimentos%20y%20las%20medicinas.<br%20/><br%20/>La%20gente%20muere%20mientras%20<strong>los%20gobiernos%20gastan%20miles%20de%20millones%20en%20controlar%20las%20fronteras.</strong>%20Deben%20garantizar%20urgentemente%20todos%20los%20fondos%20necesarios%20para%20mitigar%20las%20crisis%20de%20personas%20refugiadas%20del%20mundo.%0A<p%20class=%22copy%22><img%20height=%22667%22%20width=%221000%22%20src=%22fileadmin/_processed_/csm_217575_Solidarity_with_refugees_March_in_London_12_September_2015_952ef36986.jpg%22%20class=%22img-responsive%22%20data-htmlarea-file-uid=%2221558%22%20data-htmlarea-file-table=%22sys_file%22%20style=%22%22%20alt=%22%22%20/>%C2%A9%20Amnist%C3%ADa%20Internacional</p>%0A<p%20class=%22h5%22>%20%20<br%20/>8.%20El%20asilo%20es%20un%20derecho%20humano</p>%0AEl%20mundo%20tiene%20muy%20poca%20memoria.%20Tras%20la%20Segunda%20Guerra%20Mundial,%20la%20mayor%C3%ADa%20de%20los%20pa%C3%ADses%20acordaron%20proteger%20a%20las%20personas%20refugiadas%20por%20medio%20de%20la%20Convenci%C3%B3n%20sobre%20el%20Estatuto%20de%20los%20Refugiados%20de%201951%20y%20de%20organismos%20de%20la%20ONU%20como%20ACNUR.<br%20/><br%20/>Las%20vallas%20de%20alambre%20de%20espino%20y%20la%20falta%20cr%C3%B3nica%20de%20fondos%20<strong>han%20hecho%20a%C3%B1icos%20esa%20visi%C3%B3n%20de%20un%20mundo%20mejor</strong>.%20Al%20hacer%20caso%20omiso%20de%20las%20se%C3%B1ales%20de%20aviso,%20los%20l%C3%ADderes%20mundiales%20han%20permitido%20que%20se%20produzca%20una%20inmensa%20crisis%20humanitaria%20global.%20A%20la%20larga,%20se%20resolver%C3%A1%20poniendo%20fin%20a%20los%20conflictos%20y%20la%20persecuci%C3%B3n%20que%20obligan%20a%20las%20personas%20a%20huir.<br%20/><br%20/>Pero%20nadie%20sabe%20cu%C3%A1ndo%20ocurrir%C3%A1%20esto.%20Mientras%20tanto,<strong>%20necesitamos%20soluciones%20radicales,%20un%20liderazgo%20visionario%20y%20una%20cooperaci%C3%B3n%20global</strong>%20a%20una%20escala%20no%20vista%20en%2070%20a%C3%B1os,%20y%20ello%20pasa%20por%20establecer%20sistemas%20s%C3%B3lidos%20de%20atenci%C3%B3n%20a%20las%20personas%20refugiadas:%20permitirles%20solicitar%20asilo,%20tratar%20sus%20solicitudes%20con%20justicia,%20reasentar%20a%20las%20m%C3%A1s%20vulnerables%20como%20por%20ejemplo,%20mujeres%20solas,%20menores%20de%20edad%20o%20personas%20con%20discapacidades,%20y%20atender%20necesidades%20b%C3%A1sicas%20como%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20y%20la%20atenci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20salud.%0A<p%20class=%22copy%22><img%20height=%22425%22%20width=%221000%22%20src=%22fileadmin/_processed_/csm_217604_refugeeswelcome_week_of_actions_fde61fc29b.jpg%22%20class=%22img-responsive%22%20data-htmlarea-file-uid=%2221559%22%20data-htmlarea-file-table=%22sys_file%22%20style=%22%22%20alt=%22%22%20/>%C2%A9%20Amnist%C3%ADa%20Internacional</p>%0A<p%20class=%22h5%22>No%20son%20imposibles</p>%0ANinguna%20de%20estas%20ocho%20soluciones%20son%20imposibles%20de%20lograr%20si%20los%20pol%C3%ADticos%20escuchan%20a%20los%20millones%20de%20ciudadanos%20y%20ciudadanas%20que%20est%C3%A1n%20dando%20la%20bienvenida%20a%20las%20personas%20refugiadas%20y%20ponen%20la%20solidaridad%20y%20la%20compasi%C3%B3n%20por%20encima%20de%20la%20mezquina%20discusi%C3%B3n%20sobre%20qui%C3%A9n%20debe%20acoger%20a%20unos%20cuantos%20miles%20de%20estas%20personas.%0A<article%20class=%22banner-cta-v2%22><div%20class=%22banner-cta-v2__content%20text-center%22><div%20class=%22container%20max-width-sm%22><h4%20class=%22banner-cta-v2__title%22>ESPA%C3%91A:%20PIDE%20AL%20GOBIERNO%20QUE%20CUMPLA%20CON%20SU%20COMPROMISO%20DE%20ACOGER%20A%2017.337%20PERSONAS%20REFUGIADAS</h4><h3%20class=%22banner-cta-v2__text%22>FIRMA%20Y%20PARTICIPA</h3><a%20href=%2217000-refugiados-espana/accion/%22%20class=%22btn%20btn--secondary-black%20btn--sm%22%20></a></div></div></article> 1,15 millones de personas
3. Salvar vidas
casi 7.000 personas se ahogaron en el Mediterráneoinvirtiendo en operaciones de búsqueda y salvamento
©AFP/Getty Images
4. No forzar más rutas peligrosas
se les debe permitir cruzar las fronteras5. Poner fin al tráfico y al racismo
©REUTERS
6. No culpabilizar a las personas migrantes
combatir todas las clases de xenofobia y discriminación racialDurban, Sudáfrica
7. Fondos suficientes para una ONU "en bancarrota"
organismos de la ONU los países ricos no cumplen sus elevadas promesasproporcionar fondos para la ayudala ONU ha recibido menos de la mitad de los fondos
Sudán del Sur
los gobiernos gastan miles de millones en controlar las fronteras.
© Amnistía Internacional
8. El asilo es un derecho humano
han hecho añicos esa visión de un mundo mejor
necesitamos soluciones radicales, un liderazgo visionario y una cooperación global
© Amnistía Internacional
No son imposibles
